Persia
Persia (or
Persian Empire) is the ancient name of the State of Iran and includes all its
geographical characteristics and its economic and social environments. The
origins of Persia are attributed to immigrants who spoke in the Iranian
language and arrived in those Asian lands in 1500 BC. They are also referred to
as Caucasian tribes Which was deported to the Iranian plateau, and after its
arrival to those areas was keen to interact and mix with the peoples that were
present in them.
The name of
Persia was changed
Persia was
known by this name until 1935 when Shah Reza Pahlavi decided to convert its
name to the Kingdom of Iran. The origins of the word "Iran" are
derived from the Aryan ratio of the Aryans who arrived in the western part of
Persia around 2000 BC, in conjunction with the period of the Assyrians who
helped establish the Persian Empire.
Features of
Persia
The
ancient features of Persia extended to include larger and larger territories
than those currently covered by Iran. They also included a wide range of
peoples, regions and countries, reaching Egyptian territory. Persia continued
to be used to refer to the land on which Iran currently exists until 1979,
becoming the most widely used name in Iran. The geographical area of Persia
(Iran) is large because of its many geographical features, The important
mountains are the Al-Barz Mountains in the northern part of the country, extending from the
north-west of the Caucasus to the eastern side of Khorasan, and the Zagros Mountains extending from the western side of the
country to the south-east. The Persian region also contains large desert areas,
Lot and Quer, which
are located in the eastern part of the State, are not suitable for living.
History of
the Establishment of Persia
The
establishment of Persia was founded by its founder King Cyrus II (Cyrus II),
where the Medidin capital,
known as Ektana,
took control of the Midian Empire. Its conquest of Medea was the first step towards its
establishment. Persia also fought a series of other wars, After the reign of King Cyrus, his son Cambesis II conquered Persia and annexed Egypt, but the outbreak of certain
problems and conflicts led to his death, to be followed by the reign of Darius
I, who was able to regain control of the empire of the mouse And was keen to
divide them into about 20 provinces, each of which contributed to the
development of Persia. Darius's ideas led to the proper protection of public
money, through its reliance on taxes used in the construction of naval weapons,
support for public expenditures, the provision of funds for specialized road
construction operations, mining for mining, support for water-based irrigation
and other activities. In the period between 486 and 522 BC, Darius ensured the
extension of a range of roads in the territory of Persia, extending to some
3200 km. In order to enhance communication and connection between the Persian
Empire places by relying on men and horses to transport messages, Wandering And
the Aramaic language used to write all messages between the regions; a language
belonging to one of the Syrian tribes and has seen a significant spread in
Assyria and Babylon, which contributed to its arrival in many other places. Darius
was interested in building an administrative environment for Persia, chose the
Zoroastrian religion to be the official religion of the state, and established
the Achaemenid dynasty.
In 521 BC he transferred the capital of the Persian Empire to the city of Sosa.
Over time, especially during the sixth century BC - Persia became famous for
the spread of the carpet industry, the carpet became a work of art and a
masterpiece owned by individuals who lived on the land of the Asian Plateau,
extending from Turkish territory across Iranian territory.
Architecture
in Persia
Persia was
characterized by the quality of its own architecture, influenced by a set of
basic factors, theoretical aspects, and the following information about each of
them:
For basic factors
The
human factors: are the factors
associated with the sanctification of the Persians to the forces and components
of nature surrounding them, such as water, fire and sun, did not appear when
the Persians any interest in building architecture of religious nature, was
their rituals rely on mountain climbing, in a building that has a rectangular
shape or square of The stones were accessed using a staircase. The real
development in Persian architecture was based on the architecture of royal
palaces.
Environmental
factors: The factors related to
the nature of the climate and the weather of Persia, which affected the quality
and design of architecture, the winter is very cold, and the summer is very
hot; so the Persians were keen to create buildings that fit these climatic
conditions.
Technical
factors: The factors related to
industry; the Persians showed no interest in industry, and their industrial
interest was dependent on handicrafts.
Theoretical
aspects
The architecture of Persia is characterized by several
theoretical aspects The Persian palace contains a collection of elements and
components that contribute to its use as a place of residence, in conjunction
with its use as a place of governance.
Durability: The use of Persian architecture for materials of
a strong nature, such as stones that contributed to the survival of their
effects.
