Asia Minor
Asia Minor is also known
as Anatolia, and is currently the Asian section of Turkey. It has a privileged
position as the focal point between the continents of Europe and Asia. This has
paved the way for the invasion and migration of many people and peoples to
continents Asia Minor shares a northern border with the Black Sea, bordered by
the southern Mediterranean, with a western border with the Aegean Sea, bordered
by the Caucasus on the north-east, and shares a southeastern border with Greater
Syria, The eastern side defies Behold, the Iranian plateau and the Caucasus.
History of
Asia Minor
The earliest evidence of
population presence in the Asia Minor region dates back to the Akkadian family.
Asia Minor at that time was known as Hatti, and the Hittites lived there, and
they used it to refer to the lands extending from the Keyster Delta at But the
name is now called all the territory of the Asia Minor region. Aswa is the
linguistic origin of the Bronze Age for the name of Asia. Later, the Romans
called it Anatolia, meaning the Rising Sun.
The name Asia Minor was
derived from the word " (4) Throughout the history of Asia Minor, many
cities and kingdoms have been established throughout the history of Asia Minor:
Karya, Phrygia, Armenia, Assyria, Eloya, Pessidia, Lydia, Pithania, Thrace,
Silikia, Orarto, It has led to the emergence of many achievements associated
with the peoples settled in these cities and kingdoms within Asia Minor, and
its territory is the site of two ancient wonders of the world, the Temple of
Artemis and the tomb of Mussolus.
The land of Asia Minor
saw a remarkable stability after the arrival of the Romans; They contributed to
the establishment and establishment of many cities and towns But after the fall
of Rome in 476 AD and the arrival of Islam in Asia Minor, the Byzantines
decided to fight the Muslims in those lands. These wars continued until the
arrival of the Seljuks of the Turks who took control of Asia Minor since 1068
AD Until 1299 AD, when Asia Minor became one of the regions of the Ottoman
Empire, and remained so until the founding of the Turkish state.
Geography of
Asia Minor
Asia Minor has a
relatively complex set of geological features, centered on a center with ponds
and blocks of sedimentary rocks, which emerge as a plateau with a range of
rugged features, located between two sets of mountains that converge together
on the east, In Asia Minor, the beaches along the coasts of the Mediterranean
and the Black Sea are rare and the appearance of sloping or flat lands is rare,
but they appear in some geographical locations such as some inland plains,
Buyuk Menderes rivers, Wadi Jedis, Shukurova, and other sites, and divide the
geographic regions in Asia Minor to the following:
1 - The
Black Sea Region: The Black Sea region has a coastline of arid rocks, transverse valleys that extend from coastal areas, and
also mountains in the northern part of Anatolia, a mountain chain with several
elevations parallel to the coast of the Black Sea, A group of large-scale
rivers, which descend from the Pontiac Mountains, flow into various basins of
varying sizes, while the upper slopes facing the south-west are often wet.
2 - The Mediterranean
Sea The coastal plains which form the area between the Taurus Mountains and the
Anatolian plateau, are fertile in the Mediterranean Sea. The soil of this
region is fertile and it is characterized by a warm climate that contributes to
being suitable for planting many types of plantations, Such as: bananas,
grapes, wheat, vegetables, barley, and others.
3 - The Anatolian Plateau: The
Anatolian Plateau extends in central Asia Minor, from the coastal plain of the
Aegean Sea to the area between the folded mountains. The plateau has a
variation of its height from 600 to 1200 meters. The Konya basin and the Tuz
Gulu basin below it Salt Lake is the largest basin on the Anatolian plateau, a
group of mountains near the coast of the plateau, and contributes to the
prevention of the effects that lead to an increase in the area of inland land, thus giving the internal Turkish
regions a continental climate.
4 - The Eastern Anatolia region meets in the eastern part of Anatolia both the Taurus Mountains
and the Puntos Mountains. The eastern Anatolia region is characterized by
rugged terrain with several elevations, with heavier rainfall than on the
Anatolian plateau, and three rivers, Which flows from the east and flows into
the Caspian Sea, and the Euphrates and Tigris rivers that flow south towards
Iraq before they blow into the Arabian Gulf.
The south-eastern part
of Anatolia is located south of the Taurus Mountains and contains hillsides and
hillsides , The extension reaches This area starts to decline gradually,
starting at about 800 m in the north and decreasing in the south to 500 m. Its
main crops are barley and wheat. The emergence of specialized irrigation
projects in the 1980s contributed to the development of the private
agricultural environment In this area.